Plantas no nativas introducidas en Nicaragua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67154/BIN.v9.2026.50Palabras clave:
Especies exóticas, invasión biológica, biodiversidad, Flora de Nicaragua, conservación ambientalResumen
Las especies invasoras amenazan los ecosistemas y las economías, por lo tanto, un inventario detallado de especies no nativas es crucial para su gestión y prevención. A pesar de estimaciones previas, Nicaragua no contaba con una lista actualizada y verificada de plantas exóticas hasta ahora. Este estudio recopila 487 especies no nativas de 106 familias, clasificadas según su estado de invasión: 247 casuales, 188 establecidas y 51 invasoras. Poaceae, Fabaceae y Asteraceae son las familias más representadas, con especies principalmente originarias de Asia tropical, África y América del Sur. Tendencias similares en Centroamérica sugieren que los climas tropicales favorecen el establecimiento de especies no nativas originarias de los trópicos de otras regiones. Para garantizar la precisión, se realizó una verificación taxonómica y geográfica con especímenes de herbario, sin embargo, el número real probablemente esté subestimado, destacando la importancia de ampliar estudios de campo e integrar la ciencia ciudadana para mejorar el monitoreo. Este estudio apoya estrategias nacionales alineadas con los objetivos globales de biodiversidad.
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